Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)

Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)

Xét thương:

 \(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)

\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) Sửa đề: dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)

b) Tương tự câu a

TN1: Gọi (n_Al; n_Zn; n_Fe) = (a; b; c)

=>27a + 65b + 56c = 20,4 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

              a----------------------->1,5a

             Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

              b--------------------->b

              Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

               c----------------------->c

=> \(1,5a+b+c=0,45\) (2)

TN2: Gọi (n_Al; n_Zn; n_Fe) = (ak; bk; ck)

=> ak + bk + ck = 0,2 (3)

\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3Cl₂ --t^o--> 2AlCl₃

            ak-->1,5ak

             Zn + Cl₂ -t^o-> ZnCl₂

            bk--->bk

              2Fe + 3Cl₂ --t^o--> 2FeCl₃

              ck--->1,5ck

=> 1,5ak + bk + 1,5ck = 0,275 (4)

(1)(2)(3)(4) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\%Fe=\dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\%=54,9\%\)

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$

$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$

Mặt khác : 

$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$

Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$

Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$

Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$

$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$

Đáp án : D

Gọi số mol Al ; Zn ; Fe lần lượt là x ; y ; z

=> 27x + 65y + 56z = 20,4 (1)

Và 1,5x + y + z = n_H2 = 0,45 (2)

Xét 0,2 mol X có lượng chất gấp t lần 20,4g X

=> t(x + y  +z) = 0,2 mol (3)

Lại có : Bảo toàn e : 2n_Cl2 = (3x + 2y + 3z)t = 0,55 (4)

Từ (1),(2),(3),(4) => x = y = 0,1 ; z = 0,2

=> %m_Al(X) = 13,24%

Chọn A

Đáp án A